HOW TO MAKE A 5V DC POWER SUPPLY

HOW TO MAKE A 5V DC POWER SUPPLY USING

BREADBOARD….

Almost every simple circuit on a breadboard needs a 3 Volt, 5 Volt or 9 Volt DC power supply for its operation. For example, you need a 12V supply for the car you made using 12V DC motors or for any basic breadboard circuit you need DC voltage. It costs around Rs.20 to buy a 9V battery each time.

So, to avoid this I always use my own built DC power supply that costs too low and is can be used multiple times. It converts 230V AC to required DC voltage using a voltage regulator IC and there is no problem of battery discharging.

Note that we’ll be creating a 5V DC power supply. You can use this method to create any voltage you need simply by changing the voltage regulator IC.

SELECTION OF IC ACCORDING TO OUTPUT VOLTAGE:

The voltage regulator IC we have used here is IC 78XX. It is a linear voltage regulator.

Input voltage range: 7V-35V, Current Rating: 1mA, Output voltage range: Specified output voltage+-2

Here XX stands for the output voltage

Eg. For a 5V output voltage, XX is 05. Therefore, the IC required is IC7805

Let’s see how to make a simple 5V DC power supply on breadboard within no time…

**STEPS**

STEP 1: LIST OF COMPONENTS-

A. Breadboard

B. LM 7805 Voltage Regulator

C. Two Capacitors (1000uF,100uF)

D. Four 1N4001 Diodes

E. Transformer that has an output of 9-35V AC with an output current between 100mA to 1A, depending how much power you need for your circuit

F. Jumper wires or plain wires

G. Multimeter (To check the output)

H. Heat Sink (Must if input is 5V greater than specified output voltage otherwise optional)

I. 330 Ohm Resistor(optional)

J. LED (optional)

STEP 2: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

As per circuit diagram a 230V AC power is converted into 12V AC power by using a step-down transformer; but required output is 5V DC. For these purposes a rectifier must be used. A rectifier is a device which can convert AC voltages to DC voltages. There are many types of rectifier like Half Wave, Full Wave or Bridge Wave Rectifier. Due to advantages of Bridge Wave Rectifier over Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifier the bridge rectifier is used in this circuit. You can use 4 diodes to make a bridge rectifier or u can simply use a bridge which is also easily available.

After that a Capacitor of 1000uF is connected at input (Pin 1) of LM 7805 . And a 100uF capacitor is connected to the output (Pin 3) . The middle terminal that is pin no.2 is grounded.

Output is taken across the 3^rd terminal of the voltage regulator and the ground. You can check the output by using a multimeter. In the circuit a LED and 330 Ohm resistor is connected across the output just to make the circuit more attractive. The LED will glow as we get output of 5V and the 330 ohm resistor will limit the excessive current.

STEP 3: MAKE THE CONNECTIONS AS PER THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-

Connect the all components as per the circuit diagram using jumper wires or by using plain wires. Remember do not connect the diodes with opposite polarity. If you do so it will not give you required output. And also do not forget to make proper connections of LM7805.